In Japanese traditional culture, the moon has played an important role throughout history. “Wafū Getsumei” (和風月名), or the traditional month names, refers to the unique names given to each month, which reflect seasonal changes, the beauty of nature, and their deep connection to daily life. In this article, we will explore the origins, meanings, and characteristics of these month names.
What are Wafū Getsumei?
“Wafū Getsumei” refers to the names given to the months in the traditional Japanese calendar. Based on the old lunar-solar calendar, these names are often inspired by natural landscapes, seasonal events, and agricultural cycles. They also reflect Japan’s unique aesthetic sense and deep appreciation of the changing seasons.
For example, January is called “Mutsuki (睦月)”, February is “Kisaragi (如月)”, and March is “Yayoi (弥生)”, each with its own distinct name. These names are rooted in Japan’s agricultural lifestyle and its close connection to nature, reflecting the culture’s respect for the land and the rhythms of the seasons. By understanding these names, we can feel the beauty of Japan’s environment and way of life.
The Meaning of Each Wafū Getsumei
Each month’s name is rich with meaning, often connected to natural phenomena and cultural events. Below are some key examples, along with their origins and meanings.
Spring
January – Mutsuki (睦月)
The name “Mutsuki” symbolizes a month when family and close friends gather together and spend time in warmth and harmony. The character “睦” (mutsu) means “to be friendly” or “to live in harmony,” which is fitting for the celebratory mood of New Year’s.
February – Kisaragi (如月)
“Kisaragi” comes from the term “Kisaragi” (衣更着), referring to the practice of adding layers to clothing during the cold winter months. While the chill persists, this month also hints at the coming of spring.
March – Yayoi (弥生)
“Yayoi” is derived from the term “生い” (oi), which refers to the growing of plants. This name captures the essence of spring, when life begins to sprout and bloom, as seen in the flowering of cherry blossoms.
Summer
April – Udzuki (卯月)
“Udzuki” is named after the “U” (卯) flower, also known as the “spirea” or “Japanese snowbell,” which blooms during this time. Spring flowers are at their peak, especially the beautiful white blossoms of the U flower.
May – Satsuki (皐月)
“Satsuki” refers to the month when rice planting (taue) occurs, signifying an important time in Japan’s agricultural cycle. It is also a month of fresh green growth, celebrating the beauty of nature in full bloom.
June – Minazuki (水無月)
“Minazuki” does not mean “waterless month,” but rather refers to the time when rain fills the rivers and fields during Japan’s rainy season (tsuyu). The name highlights the abundance of water that arrives during this time.
Autumn
July – Fumizuki (文月)
“Fumizuki” refers to writing or literary activities, and is associated with the Tanabata festival, which celebrates the legend of two stars separated by the Milky Way. It is a time for looking at the stars and reflecting on stories of romance and longing.
August – Hazuki (葉月)
“Hazuki” means “the month of leaves,” referring to the lush, green foliage that flourishes during summer’s peak. It is a time when the leaves are at their fullest, before they begin to fall later in the year.
September – Nagatsuki (長月)
“Nagatsuki” refers to the long days of September, as the days begin to shorten and autumn begins to take hold. This month is noted for its beautiful moonlit nights and the refreshing coolness that starts to replace the summer heat.
Winter
October – Kannaduki (神無月)
“Kannaduki” translates to “the month without gods,” reflecting the belief that in October, all the gods gather in Izumo, leaving the rest of Japan without their presence. This month marks the deepening of autumn and is imbued with a sense of spirituality and reverence.
November – Shimotsuki (霜月)
“Shimotsuki” is named for the frost that begins to appear as temperatures drop. It signals the onset of winter and is a time when the trees stand bare, marking the transition to the colder season.
December – Shiwasu (師走)
“Shiwasu” refers to the busy end-of-year period when even scholars (shi) are said to be running around preparing for the new year. This month is filled with activities such as year-end cleaning and preparations for New Year’s festivities.
Wafū Getsumei and the Four Seasons of Japan
The names of the months are a vital part of understanding the Japanese concept of the seasons. Japanese culture is deeply attuned to the natural world, with the changing weather and cultural events shaping each month. By learning these month names, we gain a deeper understanding of the subtle beauty of each season and the agricultural life that has been central to Japan for centuries.
The Cultural Background of Wafū Getsumei
Wafū Getsumei is influenced by ancient Chinese calendars and philosophies but has developed uniquely in Japan, taking into account the country’s specific climate, nature, and cultural practices. The months reflect agricultural activities, such as harvest times and planting seasons, and the shifting patterns of nature.
The names are a reflection of how the Japanese have lived in harmony with the environment for centuries.
Conclusion
Wafū Getsumei is more than just a traditional way of naming months; it is a window into Japan’s culture, natural beauty, and spirituality. Each month’s name holds deeper meanings that connect us to the land, the changing seasons, and the rhythms of life in Japan. By learning these names, we can appreciate Japan’s rich cultural heritage and deepen our connection to the environment and the passage of time. Wafū Getsumei is an invaluable treasure that enriches our understanding of nature and life.
Comments