Introduction
Rinsho (臨書) refers to the practice of copying classical calligraphy works as a means of study and refinement. This act is not just about replication; it is a vital training method through which calligraphers learn the techniques and spirit of classical masters, incorporating these lessons into their own work. Rinsho serves not only as a foundation for mastering the basics of calligraphy but also as a profound way to understand the mindset of ancient writers and the cultural background of their times.
Historical Background of Rinsho
The origins of Rinsho are deeply intertwined with the history of Chinese calligraphy. The Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) was a period of significant artistic development, where many celebrated calligraphers emerged. The works of great masters such as Wang Xizhi, Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan became the ideal models for subsequent generations of calligraphers.
In Japan, Rinsho was incorporated into calligraphy education from the Heian period (794-1185 AD) onwards. Figures like Kukai and Emperor Saga, who brought back calligraphy techniques from China, played a crucial role in the development of Japanese calligraphy by disseminating these methods.
The Purpose and Significance of Rinsho
The primary goal of Rinsho is to master the techniques of classical calligraphy. However, even more important is the pursuit of “Shin-pitsu Ichi” (心筆一致), or “harmony between mind and brush.” This concept refers to a state where the writer’s mind and brushwork are in perfect unison, allowing the spiritual essence of the calligrapher to manifest in the work. Through Rinsho, calligraphers are expected to experience and internalize the spirit of the ancients, elevating it into their own artistic expression.
Rinsho also serves as a space to learn the balance between “mastery” and “creativity.” While fidelity to the original model is crucial, the ultimate aim is to discover one’s own form of expression and establish a unique style.
Learning from the Classics through Rinsho
The study of calligraphy begins with honing one’s sensitivity to the classics. These works, left behind by the masters of the past, are the epitome of artistic excellence, and understanding their beauty and depth is the first step in learning calligraphy. Appreciating the charm of these classics opens the door to the world of calligraphy and fosters a deeper desire for learning.
The next crucial step is to engage in dialogue with the ancient masters through Rinsho and Kansho (鑑賞), or appreciation. Rinsho involves emulating the style and techniques of classical works, allowing calligraphers to relive the spirit and sensitivity of the ancients through their own hands. Kansho, on the other hand, involves observing classical works and savoring their beauty while understanding the structure and brushwork. These practices cultivate a profound respect and understanding of the classics, going beyond mere technical proficiency.
Furthermore, it is essential to savor the classical styles and interpret them in one’s way. At this stage, the goal is not just to imitate the classics but to interpret the philosophy and aesthetics embedded within them and connect them with one’s own sensibility. Calligraphy is not only about acquiring technical skills but also about deepening one’s inner self through the classics, with the ultimate goal of self-expression.
Rinsho and Appreciation of the Classics
Rinsho is the most fundamental technique in calligraphy learning. By using classical works as models and recreating their writing styles, calligraphers learn the techniques and spirit of the classics. There are three primary methods of Rinsho:
- Keirin (形臨): This method involves faithfully replicating the character forms and brush techniques of the model. Beginners start with Keirin to learn the basic structure and brushwork of the classics.
- Irin (意臨): This approach captures the distinctive charm of the classics. Compared to Keirin, Irin allows more freedom, focusing on the spirit and rhythm of the classical work. Irin encourages calligraphers to go beyond mere imitation and express the aesthetic elements of the classics in their way.
- Hairin (背臨): This method involves writing without looking at the model. Hairin is practiced when the calligraphic style and techniques of the classics have become deeply ingrained in the calligrapher’s body, enabling them to express it as their own. Hairin represents the final stage of internalizing the techniques and principles of the classics.
On the other hand, Kansho involves understanding the classics on a deeper level and savoring their beauty. There are two main approaches to Kansho:
- Intuitive Appreciation: This method involves using one’s sensitivity to grasp the characteristics of the classics as a first impression. It focuses on understanding the beauty of the classics through visual impact and overall atmosphere.
- Analytical Appreciation: This approach involves analyzing the characteristics of the classics from aspects such as character forms, composition, brushwork, and stroke technique. It aims to dissect the classical work from a technical perspective and understand its structure and techniques in detail. Additionally, incorporating knowledge of the writer, the words written, historical context, and form further enriches the appreciation experience.
From Rinsho to Hosho and Creative Work
The techniques and expressions learned through Rinsho are applied in the next stage, known as Hosho (倣書). Hosho involves using the characteristics and techniques of the classics to write different words or content. This process allows calligraphers to practically apply the skills acquired through Rinsho and develop their expression.
Through Hosho, calligraphers establish their style and pursue originality. While incorporating elements of the classics, the ultimate goal is to create works that reflect their own sensibility and creativity. In the creation of a piece, the foundation built through Rinsho is fully utilized, and the calligrapher’s individuality is expressed.
Thus, by going through the process of Rinsho, Kansho, and Hosho, calligraphers can both inherit tradition and pursue new expressions. The path of calligraphy deepens through dialogue with the classics and leads to a creative journey of expressing one’s inner self.
Conclusion
Rinsho is a fundamental yet profound training method in calligraphy, involving learning from the classics, refining oneself, and connecting this to new creativity. Respecting tradition while rediscovering its value in a contemporary context holds significant meaning for all who love calligraphy. Through Rinsho, let us continue the journey of exploring the path of the brush, conveying the wisdom and spirit of the ancients to the present.
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